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Isomorphism of Models

You will, doubtless, be surprised to learn that these two models are isomorphic;, i.e., there is a one-to-one correspondence between the points and lines of the two models such that the relations of incidence, betweenness, and congruence are preserved.

Let tex2html_wrap_inline18804 be a sphere of the same radius as the radius of tex2html_wrap_inline14778, tangent to tex2html_wrap_inline18476 at the origin. Use orthogonal projection  of the Klein model in tex2html_wrap_inline14778 upward onto the lower hemisphere of the sphere and then stereographic projection  from the north pole back to the plane. The image will be the Poincaré model.

Let tex2html_wrap_inline18812. Orthogonal projection maps (x,y) onto the bottom hemisphere of tex2html_wrap_inline18816 by
displaymath18800

Stereographic projection of tex2html_wrap_inline18804 onto the coordinate plane is the analogous map to that described for mapping the punctured circle onto the line. A point tex2html_wrap_inline18820 is sent to the point on the xy-plane at which the line through (0,0,2a) and (x,y,z) intersects the plane. We can parameterize the line by: 
eqnarray5379
tex2html_wrap_inline18828 passes through the xy-plane when
eqnarray5381
Thus, stereographic projection sends (x,y,z) to tex2html_wrap_inline18834.

We need a shrinking map to shrink the image back into tex2html_wrap_inline14778. The equator of the sphere (x,y,a) maps to (2x,2y)=(x',y'). Thus, tex2html_wrap_inline18842. Shrinking back into tex2html_wrap_inline14778 it is only necessary to divide by 2.

Combining the three maps, we have a mapping from the Klein model to the Poincaré model given by
displaymath18801
It is easy to check that this is a continuous and differentiable map from tex2html_wrap_inline18476 to itself. It sends k-lines to p-lines and is an isomorphism of geometries.



droyster@math.uncc.edu